2 Samuel 1 - Peake Arthur S. and Grieve A. J. - Peake's Comment

2 Samuel 1

¹ Now it came to pass after the death of Saul, when David was returned from the slaughter of the Amalekites, and David had abode two days in Ziklag;

² it came even to pass on the third day, that, behold, a man came out of the camp from Saul with his clothes rent, and earth upon his head: and so it was, when he came to David, that he fell to the earth, and did obeisance.

³ And David said unto him, From whence comest thou? And he said unto him, Out of the camp of Israel am I escaped.

⁴ And David said unto him, How went the matter? I pray thee, tell me. And he answered, That the people are fled from the battle, and many of the people also are fallen and dead; and Saul and Jonathan his son are dead also.

⁵ And David said unto the young man that told him, How knowest thou that Saul and Jonathan his son be dead?

⁶ And the young man that told him said, As I happened by chance upon mount Gilboa, behold, Saul leaned upon his spear; and, lo, the chariots and horsemen followed hard after him.

⁷ And when he looked behind him, he saw me, and called unto me. And I answered, Here am I.

⁸ And he said unto me, Who art thou? And I answered him, I am an Amalekite.

⁹ He said unto me again, Stand, I pray thee, upon me, and slay me: for anguish is come upon me, because my life is yet whole in me.

¹⁰ So I stood upon him, and slew him, because I was sure that he could not live after that he was fallen: and I took the crown that was upon his head, and the bracelet that was on his arm, and have brought them hither unto my lord.

¹¹ Then David took hold on his clothes, and rent them; and likewise all the men that were with him:

¹² and they mourned, and wept, and fasted until even, for Saul, and for Jonathan his son, and for the people of the LORD, and for the house of Israel; because they were fallen by the sword.

¹³ And David said unto the young man that told him, Whence art thou? And he answered, I am the son of a stranger, an Amalekite.

¹⁴ And David said unto him, How wast thou not afraid to stretch forth thine hand to destroy the LORD's anointed?

¹⁵ And David called one of the young men, and said, Go near, and fall upon him. And he smote him that he died.

¹⁶ And David said unto him, Thy blood be upon thy head; for thy mouth hath testified against thee, saying, I have slain the LORD's anointed.

David's Lament

¹⁷ And David lamented with this lamentation over Saul and over Jonathan his son:

¹⁸ (Also he bade them teach the children of Judah the use of the bow: behold, it is written in the book of Jasher.)

¹⁹ The beauty of Israel is slain upon thy high places: How are the mighty fallen!

²⁰ Tell it not in Gath, Publish it not in the streets of Askelon; Lest the daughters of the Philistines rejoice, Lest the daughters of the uncircumcised triumph.

²¹ Ye mountains of Gilboa, Let there be no dew, neither let there be rain, upon you, nor fields of offerings: For there the shield of the mighty is vilely cast away, The shield of Saul, as though he had not been anointed with oil.

²² From the blood of the slain, from the fat of the mighty, The bow of Jonathan turned not back, And the sword of Saul returned not empty.

²³ Saul and Jonathan were lovely and pleasant in their lives, And in their death they were not divided: They were swifter than eagles, They were stronger than lions.

²⁴ Ye daughters of Israel, weep over Saul, Who clothed you in scarlet, with other delights, Who put on ornaments of gold upon your apparel.

²⁵ How are the mighty fallen in the midst of the battle! O Jonathan, thou wast slain in thine high places.

²⁶ I am distressed for thee, my brother Jonathan: Very pleasant hast thou been unto me: Thy love to me was wonderful, Passing the love of women.

²⁷ How are the mighty fallen, And the weapons of war perished!

2 Samuel 1

2Sa 1:1-16 . David Receives the News of Saul’s Death.—The account of the death of Saul told by the fugitive here is different from that in 1 Samuel 3:1 . A common explanation is that the fugitive falsely represented himself as the slayer of Saul, in the hope of receiving a reward from David. But it is now widely held that here also we have a blending of two documents: 2Sa 1:1-4 ; 2Sa 1:11 f. are from the same document (J) as the bulk of 1 Samuel 2:5-31 ; 2Sa 1:6-10 , 1Sa 1:13-16 are from another source which may be fairly early. 1Sa 1:5 is inserted by an editor to combine the two accounts.

2Sa 1:1-5 . A fugitive Israelite (?) from Saul’s camp brings David the news of the disaster.

2Sa 1:6-10 . An Amalekite tells how, seeing Saul closely pursued by chariots and horsemen, he slew him at his own request, and took his crown and armlet, and brought them to David.

2Sa 1:11 f. David and his men rend their clothes and fast till evening.

2Sa 1:12 . and for the people of Yahweh: possibly, the army. LXX, “people of Judah.” The clause may be an editorial insertion.

2Sa 1:13-16 . David asks the messenger who he is. He replies: an Amalekite, the son of a ger, or foreigner settled as a dependent among the Israelites (Lev 17:8 f.*, Deu 1:16 *, p 11:0 ). David has him executed (cf. 2Sa 4:9 ).



2Sa 1:17-27 . David’s Lament over Saul and Jonathan.—This poem is almost universally accepted as the work of David. It was included in the Book of Jashar (Jos 10:12 ff., p. 45), and probably borrowed from that book by the author of one of the documents from which Samuel was composed (p. 273).

“Let the evil tidings be kept from the Philistines, lest they triumph over Israel. May Gilboa be accursed. Saul and Jonathan were mighty warriors, united in life and death. Let the Israelite women lament them. Alas for Jonathan.”

2Sa 1:18 . he bade them . . . bow: the RV insertion of “the song of” represents a theory that “The Bow” was the title of the poem: this is hardly likely to be correct. Probably the text is corrupt. The favourite explanation is that 2Sa 1:18 a contains a corruption of the opening words of the poem. Eg., SBOT proposes the following reconstruction of 2Sa 1:18 f.:

“Behold it is written in the Book of Jashar.—And he said:

Think on calamity, O Judah!

Grieve, O Israel!

On thy heights are the slain;

How are the mighty fallen!”

2Sa 1:21 . not anointed with oil: i.e. uncared for.

2Sa 1:25 . Jonathan is slain upon thy high places: the text and rendering are uncertain; Cent.B, following Budde, proposes to restore 2Sa 1:25 thus:

How are the mighty fallen

In the midst of the battle!

Jonathan, my heart (?) by thy death

Is pierced through.